MINI PROJECT REPORT 

ON

 IOT HOME AUTOMATION USING NODEMCU AND BLYNK

In this project, we are going to build home light controlling system using Wi-Fi network or Mobile Data. Using this project we are able to control our home light from anywhere in the world with the help of Blynk App.

CONTENTS :

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1: INTERNET OF THINGS

1.1   Introduction

1.2   Microcontroller

CHAPTER 2: ESP8266 NODEMCU

2.1   Introduction to Arduino IDE

2.2   Overview

2.3   History

CHAPTER 3: ARDUINO IDE

3.1   Introduction

3.2   Integrated Development Environment

3.3   Blynk Application

CHAPTER 4: HOME AUTOMATION

4.1   Block Diagram

4.2   Circuit Diagram

4.3   Components

4.4   Working Principle

4.5   Software

4.6   Program

4.7   Advantages

4.8   Disadvantages

4.9   Applications

RESULT

FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

LIST OF FIGURES :

Sl.No	Figure Number	Figure Name
1.	1.1	Microcontroller
2.	2.1	ESP8266 NODEMCU
3.	3.1	ARDUINO LOGO
4.	3.2	IDE Environment
5.	3.3	BLYNK APPLICATION LOGO
6.	3.4	Smart Home Architecture
7.	4.1	BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HOMEAUTOMATION
8.	4.2	CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF HOME AUTOMATION
9.	4.3	NODEMCU ESP8266 PINOUT
10.	4.4	ESP-12E MODULE WITH ESP8266 CHIP
11.	4.5	RELAY MODULE
12.	4.6	5V SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY MODULE
13.	4.7	WORKING OF RELAY
14.	4.8	RELAY MODULE BASIC SCHEMATIC
15.	4.9	POWERED LOAD AND UNPOWERED LOAD
16.	4.10	RELAY CONNECTED TO MICROCONTROLLER AND MAIN SOURCE
17.	4.11	MICROUSB CABLE
18.	4.12	To create new project in blynk app
19.	4.13	To add button and labels with output pin
20.	4.14	Installation of NodeMCU board
21.	4.15	Installation of ESP-12E Module
22.	4.16	Installation of Blynk Library
23.	4.17	Selection of NodeMCU Board
24.	4.18	Final Project Picture

LIST OF TABLES :

Sl.No	Table Number	Table Name
1.	4.1	NodeMCU Board Pinout Configuration
2.	4.2	Single – Channel Relay Module Pin Description

INTRODUCTION

The Internet of Things ( IoT ), is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. We can control the home electronic devices using the internet as the main platform. The data which is obtained by testing the Smart Home with Internet of Things based NodeMCU ESP8266 module can be designed with various components hardware and software support so that it can be arranged into a smart home system that is controlled with the Blynk App android application. The Smart Home with the Internet of Things ( IoT ) based NodeMCU ESP8266 module can be implemented to control some of the home electronic performance including lighting controls, fan controls, temperature monitoring, early warning systems and etc., In this project the light will be controlled by internet as main source and we can operate it by mobile phones.

CHAPTER 1

INTERNET OF THINGS

INTRODUCTION :

The Internet of Things ( IoT ), is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, or people that are provided with unique identifiers ( UID’s ) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on the information they get from one another. The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices for instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data. The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed. IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit. The present generation has been experiencing high speed internet by using 4G LTE cellular technology, which allows evolution of swifter IoT-based home automation systems. When IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical systems, which encompasses technologies like controlling of different home appliances like light, fan, water pump and many more. A system has been designed to connect sensor data with user’s daily life. There are already many smartphone oriented remote controller products. However current products always have platform compatibility problems and additionally ( GUI ) in such systems is complex. This work proposes an approach to enhance and simplify the controlling and monitoring experience. With the use of sensors in home environment the appliances can be controlled remotely based on environmental conditions known from sensor data. The sensor data are processed by a microcontroller and delivered to mobile application through WEB server. The results of implementation and experimentation have shown the proposed system and platform that can provide more IoT application possibilities in daily life. Increasing reliability on the mobile phone applications to deal within daily life scenarios has paved the way of modelling a system which will integrate sensors and actuators. This also allows users to observe data and send commands by using the mobile phone application. With the advancement of technology controlling and monitoring of electronics appliances using android application with the help of internet connection has become possible. It gives us the opportunity to have the full control over a particular place even being far away from it. IoT allows us to control many devices simultaneously and reduces human efforts.

                        This process is done in low cost and controlling of many devices in a simple circuit is possible. Our user-friendly interface allows a user to easily control home appliances through the internet. Relays are used to switch loads. The entire system is run by mains power using a step-down transformer, rectifier, filter and a linear dc regulator. After receiving user’s commands over the internet, microcontroller processes these instructions to operate these loads accordingly and display the system status on mobile application. Besides monitoring sensor data and controlling household devices, the proposed system provides additional features of emergency notification and automatic turn-off of an appliance to prevent wastage of power. Thus, this system allows efficient home automation over the internet. 

MICROCONTROLLER :

A microcontroller ( MCU for microcontroller unit ) is a small computer on a single metal-oxide-semiconductor ( MOS ) integrated circuit ( IC ) chip. A microcontroller contains one or more CPU’s ( processor core ) along with memory and programmable input / output peripherals. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications. In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to the system on a chip ( SoC ). This may include microcontroller as one of its components, but usually integrates with  the advanced peripherals like graphics processing unit ( GPU ), Wi-Fi module or co-processors.

Fig.1.1 : MICROCONTROLLER

Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Nodemcu is brand name of board that has Wi-Fi Module ESP8266 and some associated circuit. ESP8266 module have a micro-controller with Wi-Fi.

CHAPTER 2

ESP8266 NODEMCU

INTRODUCTION :

                                                          Fig.2.1  :  ESP8266 NODEMCU

The NodeMCU is an open-source based software and development board specially targeted for IoT based Applications. NodeMCU development board consist of ESP8266 Wi-Fi enabled chip. The ESP8266 is Wi-Fi chip developed by Espressif Systems with TCP / IP protocol. Expressive Systems Smart Connectivity Platform ( ESCP ) of high performance wireless SOC’s, for mobile platform designers, provides unsurpassed ability to embed Wi-Fi capabilities within other systems, at the lowest cost with the greatest functionality. It includes software that runs on ESP8266 Wi-Fi ( SoC ) from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on ESP - 12 module. It is a low-cost open source IoT platform. It is a low cost solution for developing IoT applications. It is a single board microcontroller. The ESP - 12E is a miniature Wi-Fi module present in the market and is used for establishing a wireless network connection for microcontroller or processor. The core of ESP - 12E is ESP8266EX, which is a high integration wireless SoC ( System on Chip ). It features the ability to embed with Wi-Fi capabilities to systems or to function as application. Since it is open-source platform, their hardware design is open for edit, modify and build. It is featured with Wi-Fi capability, analog pin, digital pins and serial communication protocols. The NodeMCU board has Arduino like Analog ( A0 ) and Digital ( D0 - D8 ) pins on its board. The best way to develop quickly an IoT application with in less Integrated Circuits to add is to choose this circuit  “ NodeMCU ”. It supports serial communication protocols i.e., UART, SPI, I2C etc., using such serial protocols we can connect it with serial devices like I2C enabled LCD display, Magnetometer, RTC chips, GPS modules, touch screen displays, SD cards etc.

OVERVIEW :

NodeMCU is an open-source firmware for which the open-source prototyping board designs are available. The name " NodeMCU " combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-controller unit). The term " NodeMCU " strictly speaking refers to the firmware rather than the associated development kit. Both the firmware and prototyping board designs are open source.

The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. The firmware is based on the eLua project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open-source projects, such as lua-cjson and SPIFFS. Due to resource constraints, users need to select the modules relevant for their project and build a firmware tailored to their needs. Support for the 32-bit ESP-32 has also been implemented.

The prototyping hardware typically used is a circuit board functioning as a dual-in line package (DIP) which integrates a USB controller with a smaller surface-mounted board containing the MCU and antenna. The choice of the DIP format allows for easy prototyping on breadboards. The design was initially based on the ESP-12 module of the ESP8266, which is a Wi-Fi SoC integrated with a Tensilica Xtensa LX106 core, widely used in IoT applications.

HISTORY :

The NodeMCU was created shortly after the “ ESP8266 “ came out. On December 30^th 2018, Espressif Systems began their production of the “ ESP8266 ” . Then later NodeMCU started on 13^th of October 2015, when the Hong committed the first file of NodeMCU firmware to the GitHub. Two months later, when the project expanded to include in an open - hardware platform, when the developer Huang R committed the gerber file of an ESP8266 board, which is named as devkit v0.9. 

Later that month, Tuan PM when ported MQTT client library from Contiki to the ESP8266 SoC (Socket) platform, and then committed to NodeMCU project, then the NodeMCU was able to support the MQTT IoT protocol, using Lua to access the MQTT broker. Another important update was made on 30^th January 2015, when Devsaurus ported the u8glib to the NodeMCU project, enabling the NodeMCU to easily drive LCD, Screen, OLED and even VGA displays.

In the summer of 2015, the original creators abandoned the firmware project and then a group of independent contributors took over it. By the summer of 2016 the NodeMCU included more than 40 different modules.

CHAPTER 3

ARDUINO IDE

3.1  INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO IDE :

In any programming language, a program for Arduino hardware can be written with compilers that generate binary machine code for the target processor. For their 8-bit AVR and 32-bit ARM Cortex-M based microcontrollers, Atmel offers a production environment: AVR Studio (older) and Atmel Studio (newer).

Fig.3.1 :  ARDUINO LOGO

INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT :

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross platform application  for ( Windows, macOS, and Linux ) that is written in the programming language Java. It includes a code editor with features such as text cutting and pasting, searching and replacing text, automatic indenting, brace matching, and syntax highlighting, and provides simple one click mechanisms to compile and upload programs to Arduino board. It also contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a hierarchy of operation means. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C , C++ using special rules of code structuring.

Fig.3.2 :  IDE Environment

3.2  BLYNK APPLICATION :

The Blynk Application is a new platform that allows you to quickly build interfaces for controlling and monitoring your hardware projects from your iOS and Android device. After downloading the Blynk app, you can create a project dashboard and arrange buttons, sliders, graphs, and other widgets onto the screen. Using the widgets, you can turn pins on and off or display data from sensors.

Fig.3.3 :  BLYNK APPLICATION LOGO

Blynk supports hardware platforms such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and similar microcontroller boards to build hardware for your projects.

Fig.3.4 :  Smart Home Architecture

It was designed for the IoT (Internet of Things) and is able to control hardware remotely and store/display data from sensors for any desired project. Blynk is ideal for people who don’t have the level of knowledge needed to create a complex smartphone app, or who need fast IoT prototyping.

CHAPTER 4

HOME AUTOMATION

4.1  BLOCK DIAGRAM :

The below block diagram shows an overview of this project :

Fig.4.1 :  BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HOMEAUTOMATION

4.2  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

Fig.4.2 :  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF HOME AUTOMATION

4.3   COMPONENTS :

4.3.1.  NODEMCU :

The NodeMCU is an open-source based software and development board specially targeted for IoT based Applications. The development board consist of ESP8266 Wi-Fi enabled chip. It is a low-cost Wi-Fi chip developed board with TCP/IP protocol. It has both firmware and development board in which it includes software that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module.

Fig.4.3 :  NODEMCU ESP8266 PINOUT

NODEMCU ESP8266 SPECIFICATIONS & FEATURES :

•   Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106
•  Operating Voltage: 3.3V
•  Input Voltage: 7-12V
• Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16
• Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
• UARTs = 1 , SPI’s = 1 , I2C’s = 1
• Flash Memory: 4 MB
• SRAM: 64 KB
• Clock Speed: 80 MHz
• USB-TTL based on CP2102 is included onboard, Enabling Plug n Play
• PCB Antenna
• Small Sized module to fit smartly inside your IoT projects

NODEMCU BOARD PINOUT CONFIGURATION :

Pin Category	Name	Description
Power	Micro-USB, 3.3V, GND, Vin	Micro-USB: NodeMCU can be powered through the USB port 3.3V: Regulated 3.3V can be supplied to this pin to power the board GND: Ground pins Vin: External Power Supply
Control Pins	EN, RST	The pin and the button resets the microcontroller
Analog Pin	A0	Used to measure analog voltage in the range of 0-3.3V
GPIO Pins	GPIO1 to GPIO16	NodeMCU has 16 general purpose input-output pins on its board
SPI Pins	SD1, CMD, SD0, CLK	NodeMCU has four pins available for SPI communication.
UART Pins	TXD0, RXD0, TXD2, RXD2	NodeMCU has two UART interfaces, UART0 (RXD0 & TXD0) and UART1 (RXD1 & TXD1). UART1 is used to upload the firmware/program.
I2C Pins		NodeMCU has I2C functionality support but due to the internal functionality of these pins, you have to find which pin is I2C.

BRIEF ABOUT NODEMCU ESP8266 :  

The NodeMCU ESP8266 development board comes with the ESP-12E module containing ESP8266 chip having Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor. This microprocessor supports RTOS and operates at 80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock frequency. NodeMCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of Flash memory to store data and programs. Its high processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and Deep Sleep Operating features make it ideal for IoT projects. NodeMCU can be powered using Micro USB jack and VIN pin (External Supply Pin). It supports UART, SPI, and I2C interface.

Fig.4.4 :  ESP-12E MODULE WITH ESP8266 CHIP

APPLICATIONS OF NODEMCU :

• Prototyping of IoT devices
• Low power battery operated applications
• Network projects
• Projects requiring multiple I/O interfaces with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionalities.

4.3.2  RELAY :

The Relay is an electromechanical device that uses an electric current to open or close the contacts of a switch. The single-channel relay module is much more than just a plain relay, it comprises of components that make switching and connection easier and act as indicators to show if the module is powered and if the relay is active or not. The relay module is a separate hardware device used for remote device switching. With it you can remotely control devices over a network or the Internet. Devices can be remotely powered on or off with commands coming from Clock Watch Enterprise delivered over a local or wide area network.  You can control computers, peripherals or other powered devices from across the office or across the world. The Relay module can be used to sense external ON/OFF conditions and to control a variety of external devices. The PC interface connection is made through the serial port. 

Fig.4.5 :  RELAY MODULE

The Single Channel Relay Module is a convenient board which can be used to control high voltage, high current load such as motor, solenoid valves, lamps and AC load. It is designed to interface with microcontroller such as Arduino, PIC and etc. The relays terminal ( COM, NO and NC ) is being brought out with screw terminal. It also comes with a LED to indicate the status of relay.

SPECIFICATIONS :

• Digital output controllable
• Compatible with any 5V microcontroller such as Arduino.
• Rated through - current: 10A ( NO ) 5A ( NC )
• Control signal : TTL level
• Max. switching voltage 250VAC/30VDC
• Max. switching current 10A
• Size : 43mm x 17mm x 17mm

SINGLE-CHANNEL RELAY MODULE PIN DESCRIPTION :

Pin   Number	Pin Name	Description
1	Relay Trigger	Input to activate the relay
2	Ground	0V reference
3	VCC	Supply input for powering   the relay coil
4	Normally Open	Normally open terminal of the relay
5	Common	Common terminal of the relay
6	Normally Closed	Normally closed contact of the relay

Table.4.2 :  SINGLE – CHANNELRELAY MODULE PIN DESCRIPTION

SINGLE CHANNEL 5V RELAY MODULE :

Fig.4.6 :  5V SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY MODULE

The single-channel relay module is much more than just a plain relay, it contains components that make switching and connection easier and act as indicators to show if the module is powered and if the relay is active. First is the screw terminal block. This is the part of the module that is in contact with mains so a reliable connection is needed. Adding screw terminals makes it easier to connect thick mains cables, which might be difficult to solder directly. 

The three connections on the terminal block are connected to the normally open, normally closed, and common terminals of the relay. The second is the relay itself, which, in this case, is a blue plastic case. Lots of information can be gleaned from the markings on the relay itself. The part number of the relay on the bottom says “05V DC”, which means that the relay coil is activated at 5V minimum – any voltage lower than this will not be able to reliably close the contacts of the relay. There are also voltage and current markings, which represent the maximum voltage and current, the relay can switch. For example, the top left marking says “10A 250VAC”, which means the relay can switch a maximum load of 10A when connected to a 250V mains circuit. The bottom left rating says “10A,30V DC”, meaning the relay can switch a maximum current of 10A DC before the contacts get damaged.

                   The relay status LED turns on whenever the relay is active and provides an indication of current flowing through the relay coil. The input jumper is used to supply power to the relay coil and LEDs. The jumper also has the input pin, which when pulled high activates the relay. The switching transistor takes an input that cannot supply enough current to directly drive the relay coil and amplifies it using the supply voltage to drive the relay coil. This way, the input can be driven from a microcontroller or sensor output. The freewheeling diode prevents voltage spikes when the relay is switched off. The power LED is connected to V_CC and turns on whenever the module is powered. 

WORKING OF THE RELAY :

Fig.4.7 : WORKING OF RELAY

The relay uses an electric current to open or close the contacts of a switch. This is usually done using the help of a coil that attracts the contacts of a switch and pulls them together when activated, and a spring pushes them apart when the coil is not energized. There are two advantages of this system firstly, the current required to activate the relay is much smaller than the current that relay contacts are capable of switching. Secondly, coil and the contacts are galvanically isolated, means that there is no electrical connection between them. This means that the relay can be used to switch mains current through an isolated low voltage digital system like a microcontroller.

INTERNAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY :

Fig.4.8 :  RELAY MODULE BASIC SCHEMATIC

The extra components apart from the relay are there since it would not be possible to drive the relay directly from the pins of a microcontroller. digital logic or a sensor. This is because, the coil consumes much less current than the currents it can switch, it still needs relatively significant current. Low power relays consume around 50mA while higher power relays consume around 500mA. The coil is also an inductive load, when the coil is switched OFF, a large fly back voltage is developed which can damage the device turning it ON and OFF. For this, a fly back diode is added in with anti-parallel to relay coil to clamp the fly back voltage. LED’s be added to circuit, act as indicators, and even optical isolation is added to input to improve the isolation.

USAGE OF SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY :

Relay modules like this one are commonly used to drive mains loads from a microcontroller like the Arduino or a sensor. In cases like this, the common circuit diagram would be as follows

Fig.4.9 :  POWERED LOAD AND UNPOWERED LOAD

For simple ON / OFF applications, the relay can be connected as shown above. One terminal of mains is connected to common, and the other is connected to NO or NC depending on whether the load should be connected/disconnected when the relay is active.

Fig.4.10 :  RELAY CONNECTED TO MICROCONTROLLER AND MAIN SOURCE

Check out the image below to see how the relay module is connected to a microcontroller and mains source and load. The mains wiring is screwed to the terminal block, and the microcontroller can be connected using jumper cables.

SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY MODULE APPLICATIONS :

•  Mains switching
• High current switching
• Isolated power delivery
• Home automation

4.3.3  STANDARD MICRO USB CABLE :

Fig.4.11 :   MICROUSB CABLE

Micro-USB used to be the most common USB port and is still found on many older models. This type of connection allows data to be read without needing a computer. This is connected between the nodemcu to the laptop where we dumb the code in nodemcu with the help of Arduino IDE Software.

4.4  WORKING PRINCIPLE : 

In this project, we are going to build a home automation like controlling light system using the Wi-Fi network or Internet mobile data. By this we are able to control our home light from anywhere in the world. There are three main components used that is Android Blynk app, Wi-Fi in-built Node MCU and single channel relay module. The designing methodology of the system has two major portions software design and hardware design. The software is designed by installing the Arduino IDE software in desktops. Arduino IDE software acts as the interface between software and hardware of this project. Microcontroller needs a program to operate and execute the process associated with proposed design. It is easy to verify and compile after writing the code. After Installing we need to add NodeMCU board in the board’s manager and blynk library. The hardware is designed by arranging microcontroller, relay and blub as shown in the circuit diagram where the D1 pin of NodeMCU is connected to input pin of relay , ground to ground and 3V3 pin of NodeMCU is connected to the Vcc pin of relay. On the other side, the bulb is connected to relay and power socket as shown in the circuit diagram. The power can be either given through laptop or by power bank after dumbing the programming code in NodeMCU. Once the connection is done you can operate and control it with the help of blynk application via mobile phone. The software design which includes programming that is written and uploaded in the microcontroller. Here blynk is a platform with iOS and android apps, provides widgets to display data received from NodeMCU and control output signals (to control loads) from NodeMCU to the circuits. Blynk mobile application in smartphone and NodeMCU communicate by using Blynk server. Bidirectional transfer of data between NodeMCU and mobile app occurs through this server. NodeMCU is the central co-coordinator. This microcontroller has in-built support for Wi-Fi connectivity which allows it to send and receive data from mobile application via internet server. It reads the data and sends them to mobile application and receives commands from mobile application to control home appliances. It then drives the relay-module to control the appliances. The Android Blynk app sends the serial data to the Wi-Fi Node MCU by clicking ON button. The Wi-Fi Node read the input data and process it according to program uploaded inside it and generate the output to relay module. The output signal from NodeMCU activates and deactivates the relay to perform switching operation. When the Blynk app's button turns on, it turns ON the home light, and when the Blynk app's buttons turns OFF, it turns OFF the home light. Hence by this way we can control any household appliances from anywhere. 

4.5  SOFTWARE :

This project is running by Blynk application. Download the Blynk App in the smart phone and create an account by email id. Now create a new project by creating its name, connection type and the hardware ESP8266 boar. An Auth Token will be sent to your registered email.

Fig.4.12 :  TO CREATE NEW PROJECT IN BLYNK APP

Now add a button and set the settings of it by giving output pin, name of the button and labels that is ON/OFF. Set the pin from low to high.

Fig.4.13 :  TO ADD BUTTONS AND LABELS WITH OUTPUT PIN

Install Arduino IDE software in laptop. To code NodeMCU via Arduino IDE, the NodeMCU board needs to be added to Arduino IDE first by adding this address to Arduino IDE preferences.

Fig.4.14 :   INSTALLATION OF NODEMCU BOARD

After this reference is added to Arduino IDE, download NodeMCU to boards manager and then select NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP12E Module).

Fig.4.15 :  INSTALLATION OF ESP-12E MODULE

When NodeMCU is added to Arduino IDE Boards, now download the latest Blynk library and add it to program. If the Blynk libraries are not able to be added in your program then, extract it and paste all the directories in Arduino libraries C:\Program Files\Arduino\libraries.

Fig.4.16 :  INSTALLATION OF BLYNK LIBRARY

Now you can see the blynk library which is added and then select the board NodeMCU in it

Fig.4.17 :  SELECTION OF NODEMCU BOARD

4.6  PROGRAM :

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

 

// You should get Auth Token in the Blynk App.

 

// Go to the Project Settings (nut icon).

char auth[] = "YourAuthToken"; [ Enter the here token which is sent to mail ]

 

// Your Wi - Fi credentials.

// Set password to "" for open networks.

char ssid[] = "YourNetworkName"; [ Enter your connection Id ]

char pass[] = "YourPassword"; [ Enter your connection password ]

void setup()

{

  // Debug console

  Serial.begin(9600);

 Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);

  // You can also specify server:

  //Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, "blynk-cloud.com", 80);

  //Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, IPAddress(192,168,1,100), 8080);

}

void loop()

{

  Blynk.run();

}

4.7  ADVANTAGES :

• Smart lights are usually controlled by smart phones or tablet via an app be it an IOS or Android operating system. It can also be connected directly to the Wi-Fi connection or to any phone via Bluetooth. Managing all of your home devices from one place. The convenience factor here is enormous. Being able to keep all of the technology in your home connected through one interface is a massive step forward for technology and home management. Theoretically, all you’ll have to do is learn how to use one app on your smartphone and tablet, and you’ll be able to tap into countless functions and devices throughout your home.
• The main advantage of smart lighting is that it is Wi-Fi enabled, it can be controlled from anywhere. You don’t need to walk to switch and turn ON the light. It is effective in terms of energy efficiency purpose. Switching ON and OFF any light with just one tap on your smart phone’s screen flexibly. Smart home systems tend to be wonderfully flexible when it comes to the accommodation of new devices and appliances and other technology. No matter how state-of-the-art your appliances seem today, there will be newer, more impressive models developed as time goes on.
• The movement when sensors are installed with smart lighting, it can enhance the security of your home to the whole new level. Sensors will detect any motion performed in its range and turn ON alarm whether you are at home or not. It also increases energy efficiency depending on how you use your smart-home technology, it’s possible to make your space more energy-efficient. For instance, you can have more precise control over the heating and cooling of your home with a programmable smart thermostat that learns your schedule and temperature preferences. Lights and motorized shades can be programed to switch to an evening mode as the sun sets, or lights can turn on and off automatically when you enter or leave the room, so you never have to worry about wasting energy.

4.8  DISADVANTAGES :

• In this, Internet is the main platform. But this project/method cannot be applicable when there is no internet.
• High Requirement for maintaining device compatibility.
• Devices must constantly be updated.
• Lack of Privacy

4.9  APPLICATIONS :

The versatility of IoT has become very popular in recent years. There are many advantages to having a device based on IoT. Mckinsey Global Institute reports that IoT business will reach 6.2 trillion in revenue by 2025. There are lots of applications are available in the market in different areas.

1) IoT Applications in Agriculture :

For indoor planting, IoT makes monitoring and management of micro-climate conditions a reality, which in turn increases production. For outside planting, devices using IoT technology can sense soil moisture and nutrients, in conjunction with weather data, better control smart irrigation and fertilizer systems. If the sprinkler systems dispense water only when needed, for example, this prevents wasting a precious resource.

2) IoT Applications in Consumer Use :

For the private citizen, IoT devices in the form of wearables and smart homes make life easier. Wearables cover accessories such as Fitbit, smartphones, Apple watches, health monitors, to name a few. These devices improve entertainment, network connectivity, health, and fitness.

                       Smart homes take care of things like activating environmental controls so that your house is at peak comfort when you come home. Security is made more accessible as well, with the consumer having the ability to control appliances and lights remotely, as well as activating a smart lock to allow the appropriate people to enter the house even if they don’t have a key.

3) IoT Applications in  Healthcare :

First and foremost, wearable IoT devices let hospitals monitor their patients’ health at home, thereby reducing hospital stays while still providing up to the minute real-time information that could save lives. In hospitals, smart beds keep the staff informed as to the availability, thereby cutting wait time for free space. Putting IoT sensors on critical equipment means fewer breakdowns and increased reliability, which can mean the difference between life and death. Elderly care becomes more significantly comfortable with IoT. In addition to the above-mentioned real-time home monitoring, sensors can also determine if a patient has fallen or is suffering a heart attack.

4) IoT Applications in Insurance :

Even the insurance industry can benefit from the IoT revolution. Insurance companies can offer their policyholders discounts for IoT wearables such as Fitbit. By employing fitness tracking, the insurer can offer customized policies and encourage healthier habits, which in the long run, benefits everyone, insurer, and customer alike.

5) IoT Applications in Manufacturing :

The world of manufacturing and industrial automation is another big winner in the IoT sweepstakes. RFID and GPS technology can help a manufacturer track a product from its start on the factory floor to its placement in the destination store, the whole supply chain from start to finish. These sensors can gather information on travel time, product condition, and environmental conditions that the product was subjected to.

Sensors attached to factory equipment can help identify bottlenecks in the production line, thereby reducing lost time and waste. Other sensors mounted on those same machines can also track the performance of the machine, predicting when the unit will require maintenance, thereby preventing costly breakdowns.

6) IoT Applications in Retail :

IoT technology has a lot to offer the world of retail. Online and in-store shopping sales figures can control warehouse automation and robotics, information gleaned from IoT sensors. Much of this relies on RFIDs, which are already in heavy use worldwide.

Mall locations are iffy things; business tends to fluctuate, and the advent of online shopping has driven down the demand for brick-and-mortar establishments. However, IoT can help analyse mall traffic so that stores located in malls can make the necessary adjustments that enhance the customer’s shopping experience while reducing overhead.

Speaking of customer engagement, IoT helps retailers target customers based on past purchases. Equipped with the information provided through IoT, retailer could craft Even the insurance industry can benefit from the IoT revolution. Insurance companies can offer their policyholders discounts for IoT wearables such as Fitbit. By employing fitness tracking, the insurer can offer customized policies and encourage healthier habits, which in the long run, benefits everyone, insurer, and customer alike.

7) IoT Applications in Transportation :

By this time, most people have heard about the progress being made with self-driving cars. But that’s just one bit of the vast potential in the field of transportation. The GPS, which, if you think of it, is another example of IoT, is being utilized to help transportation companies plot faster and more efficient routes for trucks hauling freight, thereby speeding up delivery times.

There’s already significant progress made in navigation, once again alluding to a phone or car’s GPS. But city planners can also use that data to help determine traffic patterns, parking space demand, and road construction and maintenance. There’s even a possibility that apps can be made that can prevent a car from starting if the driver is inebriated.

By this time, most people have heard about the progress of being made with self-driving cars. But that’s just one bit of the vast potential in the field of transportation. The GPS, which, if you think of it, is another example of IoT, is being utilized to help transportation companies plot faster and more efficient routes for trucks hauling freight, thereby speeding up delivery times.

There’s already significant progress made in navigation, once again alluding to a phone or car’s GPS. But city planners can also use that data to help determine traffic patterns, parking space demand, and road construction and maintenance. There’s even a possibility that apps can be made that can prevent a car from starting if the driver is inebriated.

8) IoT Applications in Energy :

IoT sensors can be employed to monitor environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, and lighting. The information provided by IoT sensors can aid in the creation of algorithms that regulate energy usage and make the appropriate adjustments, eliminating the human equation.

      With IoT-driven environmental control, businesses and private residences can experience significant energy savings, which in the long run, benefits everyone, including the environment.

         On a larger scale, data gathered by the Internet of Things can be used to help run municipal power grids more efficiently, analysing factors such as usage. Also, the sensors can help pinpoint outages faster, thereby increasing the response time of repair crews and decreasing blackout times.

RESULT

 This project has operated using both Wi-Fi as well as Mobile Data.

   

Fig.4.18 :  FINAL PROJECT PICTURE

Fig.4.18 :  FINAL PROJECT VIDEO

FUTURE SCOPE

Internet of Things (IoT) is proved to be an emerging technological innovation. It has emerged as a leading technology around the world. It has gained a lot of popularity in lesser time. Also, the advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning have made the automation of IoT devices easy. Basically, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) programs are combined with IoT devices to give them proper automation. Due to this, IoT has also expanded its area of application in various sectors. In future the IoT seems to be have a very bright as this is feeding and empowering Data Science and Artificial Intelligence in a big way. Data from IoT networks enables us to have better tracking, monitoring, prediction, management and control of various systems in healthcare, automotive and agriculture industries.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of analysis of all data obtained by testing the smart home with the Internet of Things based NodeMCU ESP6288 module, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1) Smart Home with Internet of Things (IoT) based NodeMCU ESP8266 Module can be designed with various components hardware and software support so that it can be arranged into a smart home system that is controlled with the Blynk android application according to what is intended.

2)The Smart Home with this Internet of Things (IoT) based NodeMCU ESP8266 Module can be implemented to control some of the home electronics performance including lighting controls, fan control, temperature monitoring, early warning systems and etc.

NOTE :

NOW YOU CAN ALSO DOWNLOAD THE MATERIAL RELATED TO THIS PROJECT BY CLICKING THE BELOW LINKS PROVIDED.

1 ) DOWNLOAD PDF

2 ) DOWNLOAD PPT